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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be brought to the construction site by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery portion of the crane and the jib. These parts are then attached to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be a few of the other industrial machines which is utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Then, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers should be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like for instance wind should be taken into consideration. The term loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. In order to guarantee that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the cargo has to be evenly distributed all around the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed cargo is beneficial to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. An even load helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is very essential that the designers of handling machinery and containers take this into consideration in the engineering process. For example, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5 percent.
Make certain that the container is free to be handled and care needs to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the equipment used is perfect for the cargo. Specific attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, such as a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, great care should be taken when lifting these.
