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An engine, also called a motor, is a device which converts energy into useful mechanical motion. Motors that transform heat energy into motion are referred to as engines. Engines come in several types like for example internal and external combustion. An internal combustion engine normally burns a fuel with air and the resulting hot gases are used for creating power. Steam engines are an illustration of external combustion engines. They make use of heat to be able to produce motion using a separate working fluid.
In order to generate a mechanical motion through different electromagnetic fields, the electrical motor needs to take and produce electrical energy. This kind of engine is very common. Other types of engine could function using non-combustive chemical reactions and some would utilize springs and function by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors function through compressed air. There are different styles depending on the application required.
ICEs or Internal combustion engines
Internal combustion occurs whenever the combustion of the fuel mixes along with an oxidizer inside the combustion chamber. Inside the IC engine, higher temperatures will result in direct force to certain engine parts like the pistons, turbine blades or nozzles. This particular force produces useful mechanical energy by means of moving the component over a distance. Normally, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotary motor. Most rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines known as continuous combustion, which occurs on the same previous principal described.
Steam engines or Stirling external combustion engines greatly differ from internal combustion engines. The external combustion engine, wherein energy is to be delivered to a working fluid such as hot water, liquid sodium, pressurized water or air that is heated in a boiler of some type. The working fluid is not mixed with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
A variety of designs of ICEs have been developed and placed on the market together with numerous weaknesses and strengths. When powered by an energy dense fuel, the internal combustion engine provides an efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even if ICEs have been successful in numerous stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines control the power supply intended for vehicles such as aircraft, cars, and boats. Some hand-held power gadgets use either battery power or ICE equipments.
External combustion engines
In the external combustion engine is made up of a heat engine working with a working fluid like for example gas or steam that is heated by an external source. The combustion will happen through the engine wall or through a heat exchanger. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which generates motion. Afterwards, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel utilizing the aid of an oxidizer so as to supply the heat is referred to as "combustion." External thermal engines may be of similar application and configuration but use a heat supply from sources like for instance solar, nuclear, exothermic or geothermal reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid can be of whichever constitution, though gas is the most common working fluid. Sometimes a single-phase liquid is sometimes utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between liquid and gas.
