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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling which is utilized so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque if there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most popular kind of torque converter utilized in auto transmissions is the fluid coupling type. During the 1920s there was even the Constantinesco or otherwise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are different mechanical designs utilized for continuously changeable transmissions which can multiply torque. For instance, the Variomatic is one kind which has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive that is incapable of multiplying torque. A torque converter has an extra part which is the stator. This changes the drive's characteristics through occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
There are a minimum of three rotating elements in a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, which is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under any condition and this is where the term stator originates from. In reality, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still allowing forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications which have been integrated at times. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, modifications to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Usually, these modifications have taken the form of multiple turbines and stators. Every set has been designed to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances include the Dynaflow which utilizes a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
While it is not strictly a part of classic torque converter design, various automotive converters comprise a lock-up clutch to be able to lessen heat and so as to improve cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
